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Digitisation is delivering an integrated user experience characterised by individuality and emotionalisation in the interior of current BMW models. The My Modes allow the driver to tailor the atmosphere in the interior entirely to their personal mood and the driving experience they want. With the BMW iX Flow featuring E Ink being presented on the occasion of CES 2022, the Munich-based premium car manufacturer is offering the prospect of a future technology that uses digitisation to also adapt the exterior of a vehicle to different situations and individual wishes. The surface of the BMW iX Flow featuring E Ink can vary its shade at the driver’s prompting.

Frank Weber, Member of the Board of Management of BMW AG, Development: “Digital experiences won’t just be limited to displays in the future. There will be more and more melding of the real and virtual. With the BMW iX Flow, we are bringing the car body to life.”

A man working on his laptop and writing in a notebook at a desk.

The fluid colour changes are made possible by a specially developed body wrap that is tailored precisely to the contours of the all-electric Sports Activity Vehicle from BMW. When stimulated by electrical signals, the electrophoretic technology brings different colour pigments to the surface, causing the body skin to take on the desired colouration. Adrian van Hooydonk, Head of BMW Group Design: “The BMW iX Flow is an advanced research and design project and a great example of the forward thinking that BMW is known for.”

The innovative E Ink technology opens completely new ways of changing the vehicle’s appearance in line with the driver’s aesthetic preferences, the environmental conditions or even functional requirements. The technology thus offers unprecedented potential for personalisation in the area of exterior design. The BMW iX Flow featuring E Ink demonstrates this potential to impressive effect. Against this background, the BMW Group is driving the development of the technology so that a new form of personalisation can be experienced both on the outside and in the inside of future production vehicles.

A man working on his laptop and writing in a notebook at a desk.

Already today, the colour chosen for a car is an expression of the driver’s personality. The choice of exterior paints available for current BMW models covers a wide colour spectrum. In this way, the longing for a wildly expressive, extravagant, or sporty appearance on the outside can be taken into account as well as the desire for an understated, subtle or elegant appearance. New variants are added each year that reflect the characteristics of the model in question and that allow the brand to keep setting trends in the area of exterior design.

New technologies will provide a whole new level of decision-making freedom in the future. “This gives the driver the freedom to express different facets of their personality or even their enjoyment of change outwardly, and to redefine this each time they sit into their car,” says Stella Clarke, Head of Project for the BMW iX Flow featuring E Ink. “Similar to fashion or the status ads on social media channels, the vehicle then becomes an expression of different moods and circumstances in daily life.”

A man working on his laptop and writing in a notebook at a desk.

How a variable exterior colour can increase efficiency.
A variable exterior colour can also contribute to wellness in the interior and to the efficiency of the vehicle. This is done by taking account of the different abilities of light and dark colours when it comes to reflecting sunlight and the associated absorption of thermal energy. A white surface reflects a lot more sunlight than a black one. By implication, heating of the vehicle and passenger compartment as a result of strong sunlight and high outside temperatures can be reduced by changing the exterior to a light colour. In cooler weather, a dark outer skin will help the vehicle to absorb noticeably more warmth from the sun.

In both cases, selective colour changes can help to cut the amount of cooling and heating required from the vehicle’s air conditioning. This reduces the amount of energy the vehicle electrical system needs and with it also the vehicle’s fuel or electricity consumption. In an all-electric car, changing the colour in line with the weather can therefore also help to increase the range. In the interior, the technology could, for example, prevent the dashboard from heating up too much.

E Ink technology itself is extremely energy efficient. Unlike displays or projectors, the electrophoretic technology needs absolutely no energy to keep the chosen colour state constant. Current only flows during the short colour changing phase.

A man working on his laptop and writing in a notebook at a desk.

Millions of paint capsules in a custom wrap.
Electrophoretic colouring is based on a technology developed by E Ink that is most well-known from the displays used in eReaders. The surface coating of the BMW iX Flow featuring E Ink contains many millions of microcapsules, with a diameter equivalent to the thickness of a human hair. Each of these microcapsules contains negatively charged white pigments and positively charged black pigments. Depending on the chosen setting, stimulation by means of an electrical field causes either the white or the black pigments to collect at the surface of the microcapsule, giving the car body the desired shade.

Achieving this effect on a vehicle body involves the application of many precisely fitted ePaper segments. Generative design processes are implemented to ensure the segments reflect the characteristic contours of the vehicle and the resulting variations in light and shadow. The generative design algorithms enable the necessary formability and flexibility required to tailor the ePaper exactly to the design lines of the vehicle.

Laser cutting technologies guarantee high precision in generating each segment. After the segments are applied and the power supply for stimulating the electrical field is connected, the entire body is warmed and sealed to guarantee optimum and uniform colour reproduction during every colour change.

INTELLIGENT MOBILITY

Waymo Brings Fully Autonomous Ride-Hailing to Las Vegas

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Waymo has officially started offering fully autonomous rides to the public in Las Vegas. The launch marks the company’s first robotaxi service in Nevada as it expands across the U.S.

Waymo has officially started offering autonomous ride-hailing in Las Vegas, opening another major U.S. market for its robotaxi service. The launch marks the company’s first public robotaxi operation in Nevada and expands its footprint into one of the country’s busiest tourism destinations.

The company began welcoming public riders on September 14, with service initially covering a nearly 24-mile operating area. The expansion follows months of testing and validation on Las Vegas roads.

Waymo says it will gradually give access to more riders across Clark County as the service expands.

Waymo Starts Public Robotaxi Service in Las Vegas

The Las Vegas launch puts Waymo directly into another highly visible U.S. market for autonomous transportation. Residents and visitors can request fully autonomous rides through the Waymo service, with the operating area covering parts of the city and the Las Vegas Strip.

The company has also positioned the service around major destinations such as Allegiant Stadium and The Venetian. That makes Las Vegas a particularly important test for autonomous ride-hailing because traffic patterns can vary dramatically between neighborhoods, hotels, entertainment venues and major events.

Waymo is now offering fully autonomous public rides across a designated service area in Las Vegas.

Waymo had previously been testing in the city with autonomous specialists onboard. The company has now moved to public passenger operations without a human driver controlling the vehicle.

That transition represents an important step as Waymo continues expanding beyond its more established robotaxi markets.

The Ojai Becomes Waymo’s Las Vegas Robotaxi

Las Vegas is also part of Waymo’s rollout of its newest vehicle platform, known as Ojai. The robotaxi uses Waymo’s sixth-generation Driver technology and is designed specifically around the passenger experience.

The company says the Ojai offers a more spacious cabin, larger screens and additional customization options for riders.

Waymo’s Ojai robotaxi uses the company’s sixth-generation autonomous driving system in Las Vegas.

The vehicle is intended to make the autonomous experience feel more like a conventional ride-hailing service, only without a human driver behind the wheel.

Las Vegas joins Denver and San Diego as early cities for Waymo’s majority-Ojai fleet deployment, according to the company.

Waymo Faces Growing Robotaxi Competition

The Las Vegas launch also increases competition in an increasingly crowded autonomous ride-hailing market. Waymo is competing against companies including Amazon’s Zoox and Tesla as automakers and technology firms push toward commercial self-driving services.

Zoox had already begun offering paid public rides in Las Vegas before Waymo’s launch. That gave the city an unusual position as one of the first U.S. markets where multiple autonomous ride-hailing operators are competing for passengers.

Waymo is expanding its robotaxi network as competition from other autonomous ride-hailing companies intensifies.

Waymo has been expanding rapidly in 2026. The company began welcoming public riders in Denver, San Diego and Tampa earlier this month, adding to an expanding network of U.S. cities.

The company’s latest expansion reflects its broader strategy of moving autonomous transportation from limited testing programs into everyday commercial service.

Las Vegas Could Be a Major Test for Autonomous Driving

The Waymo Las Vegas launch is significant because of the city’s unique driving environment. A large tourist population, busy entertainment districts, major sporting events and constantly changing traffic conditions create a demanding environment for an autonomous vehicle.

Waymo says it has been preparing for the launch for years and has extensively validated its system on Las Vegas roads. The company also says its sixth-generation Driver has accumulated more than 200 million fully autonomous miles across its broader operations.

Moreover, the company plans to gradually expand access rather than immediately opening the entire market to every potential rider.

Waymo Expands Its U.S. Robotaxi Ambitions

The move into Las Vegas represents another major step for Waymo as it expands autonomous ride-hailing across the United States. The company is already operating in a growing number of cities and recently added Denver, San Diego and Tampa to its public service network.

For Las Vegas, the arrival of Waymo means visitors and residents now have access to another fully autonomous transportation option. For the company, it provides an opportunity to prove that its technology can operate reliably in one of America’s most complicated and heavily traveled tourist cities.

The Waymo Las Vegas launch therefore represents more than another city on a map. It is another real-world test of whether autonomous ride-hailing can become a normal part of everyday transportation in the United States.

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INTELLIGENT MOBILITY

How Cadillac Builds a Custom Formula 1 Driver Seat

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Every Cadillac Formula 1 driver gets a seat built specifically for their body. Here is how the team creates, tests and refines one before it reaches the track.

A Formula 1 car has countless components designed to maximize performance, but few are more personal than the driver’s seat. The Cadillac F1 driver seat must hold the driver securely through enormous G-forces while remaining comfortable throughout an entire race.

The fit has to be extremely precise. A seat that is too loose can allow excessive movement and increase fatigue, while one that is too tight can make a full race physically painful.

Cadillac recently showed the complete process behind creating one of its bespoke F1 seats, from the initial body mold to the final trackside adjustments.

The Process Starts With the Driver’s Body

The first step takes place at General Motors’ Charlotte Technical Center. The driver sits inside the Formula 1 chassis on top of a plastic bag while a technician fills it with a liquid mixture.

The material expands and hardens around the driver’s body, creating a detailed physical mold. That foam shape can then be measured precisely and converted into a digital representation of the finished seat.

Cadillac creates an individual mold around the driver to capture the precise shape required for the F1 seat.

Once the digital model has been finalized, the physical seat can be manufactured.

This approach allows the team to reproduce the driver’s seating position with a high level of accuracy before making any final adjustments at the track.

Cadillac Uses Flax-Based Material Instead of Carbon Fiber

The actual seat is produced at Cadillac Formula 1 Team’s facility near Silverstone in the United Kingdom.

Unlike many components of an F1 car, the seat is not made from carbon fiber. Cadillac instead uses a natural flax-based fiber weave.

The material provides an important advantage for the driver. According to the team, it does a better job of isolating the cockpit occupant from the intense vibrations produced by the race car.

Cadillac manufactures its F1 seats from a flax-based fiber weave designed to improve vibration isolation.

That means material selection is about more than simply minimizing weight. The seat also plays an important role in driver comfort and fatigue management.

In Formula 1, even small improvements can make a difference over a long race distance.

Valtteri Bottas Puts the Seat to the Test

With the seat completed, Cadillac takes it to the circuit for a real-world fitting session.

At the British Grand Prix, Valtteri Bottas climbed into his new bespoke seat inside the team’s garage. Rather than simply accepting the first version, Bottas provided feedback on how it felt and where changes were needed.

The seat was then returned to the factory so the team could make precise modifications.

Valtteri Bottas test-fits his bespoke Cadillac F1 seat during the British Grand Prix weekend.

Engineers can add or remove material in specific areas until the fit is exactly right. That iterative process is essential because the driver needs both stability and comfort while remaining securely positioned inside the cockpit.

Once the adjustments were complete, Bottas had a finished seat ready for competition.

A Custom Seat Is a Performance Component

The Cadillac F1 driver seat may look relatively simple compared with an engine, suspension system or aerodynamic package, but its importance is difficult to overstate.

The seat determines how securely the driver is held during braking, cornering and acceleration. It also helps manage the physical demands created by the car’s vibrations and G-forces.

Moreover, every driver has different requirements. That is why Cadillac does not simply produce one standard seat and install it across its cars.

From Digital Scan to the Race Track

The entire process combines driver-specific fitting, digital modeling, specialized materials and repeated testing. It begins with a mold of the driver’s body and ends with a component that is refined through direct feedback from the cockpit.

For Bottas, the final step came almost immediately. After the fitting process was completed, he used the new seat during Free Practice 1 at the British Grand Prix.

That makes the Cadillac F1 driver seat a perfect example of how Formula 1 performance is built from details that spectators rarely see. The car may be engineered at the limits of technology, but ultimately, one of its most important components has to fit one person perfectly.

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INTELLIGENT MOBILITY

Vehicle Infotainment Problems Remain a Major Issue for Drivers

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Vehicle quality continues to improve, but infotainment remains a major weakness. JD Power says multimedia systems generate more complaints than any other vehicle category.

Vehicle infotainment problems continue to frustrate new-car owners even as overall vehicle quality improves. According to JD Power’s 2026 U.S. Multimedia Quality and Satisfaction Study, multimedia systems remain the most problematic category reported by drivers.

The study found that infotainment-related complaints accounted for 25% of all reported problems in new vehicles. JD Power recorded 42.4 multimedia problems for every 100 vehicles, making the category the most frequently reported source of trouble.

The findings are based on responses from more than 78,000 owners and lessees of new 2026 model-year vehicles after 90 days of ownership.

Infotainment Is the Only Category Getting Worse

JD Power found that multimedia was the only major vehicle category to deteriorate year over year. That stands out as other areas of vehicle quality continue to improve.

The growing reliance on software, touchscreens and connectivity appears to be a major reason. Instead of traditional mechanical failures, many modern complaints involve software behavior, system complexity and problems connecting devices.

Modern vehicle infotainment systems are generating more complaints than any other vehicle category, according to JD Power’s 2026 study.

As automakers add more digital features, the technology inside cars increasingly resembles the software found in smartphones and computers.

However, unlike consumer electronics, infotainment systems are often responsible for controlling functions that drivers use every day. That makes reliability and ease of use particularly important.

Software Complexity Is Becoming the Bigger Problem

JD Power says the industry is shifting toward a new type of quality challenge.

As vehicles become more software-defined, problems are increasingly related to system complexity, software performance and connectivity rather than conventional hardware failures.

That creates a difficult situation for automakers. Software can be updated after a vehicle is sold, but poorly integrated systems can still create significant frustration for owners.

Software, connectivity and system complexity are increasingly responsible for infotainment complaints in modern vehicles.

Software glitches have also become an important factor in vehicle recalls. Automakers are now looking for ways to make software fixes easier to deliver through over-the-air updates.

The goal is to continuously improve vehicle systems without requiring owners to visit a dealership every time a problem is identified.

Navigation Systems Are Showing Improvement

Not every part of vehicle multimedia is getting worse. JD Power found that customer satisfaction with navigation systems improved significantly.

Navigation satisfaction increased by 17 points to 933 on a 1,000-point scale. The improvement was driven by fewer complaints involving usability and accuracy.

That suggests automakers are making meaningful progress in at least some areas of the digital driving experience.

Navigation satisfaction improved significantly, while infotainment remained the weakest multimedia category in JD Power’s latest study.

Customer satisfaction also improved for multimedia systems and speakers overall, showing that progress is possible even while infotainment remains the industry’s biggest trouble spot.

Carmakers Need to Make Technology Simpler

The latest findings highlight a growing challenge for automakers. Drivers increasingly expect the technology in their vehicles to work consistently without requiring complicated workarounds.

That means adding more features is not necessarily the answer. Systems also need to be intuitive, stable and easy to use.

Moreover, the shift toward software-defined vehicles gives manufacturers an opportunity to address problems after vehicles reach customers. Over-the-air updates can improve functionality and fix certain issues without a dealership visit.

Infotainment Remains Automotive’s Biggest Quality Challenge

The vehicle infotainment problems identified by JD Power show how the definition of vehicle quality is changing.

Modern vehicles may have fewer traditional reliability issues, yet drivers are encountering a new category of frustration tied to software, connectivity and increasingly complicated user interfaces.

For automakers, the message is clear: customers expect digital features to work every time and without unnecessary complexity. The brands that simplify the experience while delivering dependable software will have the best chance of turning infotainment from a persistent weakness into a competitive advantage.

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